Dyslipidemia is a condition in which blood fat levels increase. This risks causing heart disease and stroke. Dyslipidemia does not cause symptoms, and is usually only detected during blood tests or medical check-ups. To deal with dyslipidemia, see the following explanation.
Cholesterol is a fat that is useful for breaking down food and producing hormones. There are three types of cholesterol in the body, namely good cholesterol high-density lipoprotein (HDL), bad cholesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides.
Someone said to have dyslipidemia if the examination of blood fat after fasting shows a total cholesterol value above 200 mg / dL, with details:
- LDL cholesterol above 100 mg / dL.
- HDL cholesterol below 40 mg / dL for men, or below 50 mg / dL for women.
- Trilgliseride is more than 150 mg / dL.
Causes and Dangers of Dyslipidemia
Based on the cause, dyslipidemia can be divided into 2 types, namely primary and secondary dyslipidemia. Primary dyslipidemia is passed down from parent to child, while secondary dyslipidemia is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle or certain diseases.
Some habits that can increase your risk of dyslipidemia are:
- Rarely exercise.
- Frequent alcohol consumption.
- Smoke.
- Often consume foods high in sugar or saturated fat, such as fatty meat, cheese, fried foods, and butter.
While conditions that can increase the risk of dyslipidemia are:
- Liver disease, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, uncontrolled diabetes, and hypothyroidism.
- Overweight or obese.
- Kidney diseases, such as kidney stones and kidney failure.
- Take beta blockers, corticosteroids, diuretics, HIV medications or birth control pills.
Too much cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of arteries and form plaque (atherosclerosis). As a result, blood flow in the body including to the heart and brain, so disturbed.
This can cause a number of diseases, such as stroke, high blood pressure, heart attack, coronary heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease.
How to Treat Dyslipidemia
Because it is asymptomatic, the condition of dyslipidemia needs to be detected through a doctor's examination. The doctor will do a physical examination and blood test to assess blood fat levels.
If you are diagnosed with dyslipidemia, the following ways you can do to reduce blood lipid levels:
1. Taking medicine
Statin drug groups, such as atorvastatin, livostatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin, are drugs that are often given to treat dyslipidemia. Not infrequently doctors also provide other types of drugs, such as ezetimibe, nicotinic acid, and phenofibrates.
Medications are given if one or more cholesterol levels have reached a severe level, namely:
- LDL cholesterol levels more than 190 mg / dL.
- HDL cholesterol levels less than 40 mg / dL in men or 50 mg / dL in women.
- Triglyceride levels of more than 200 mg / dL.
The doctor can give the drug even though the patient's blood cholesterol level is not yet at a severe level. Usually this is done because the patient is suffering from certain conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease. But in general, blood cholesterol levels that are not too high can be handled by living a healthy lifestyle.
2. Diet
Diet for weight loss is often chosen as a step to reduce LDL cholesterol levels. When on a diet, patients should limit their intake of foods that contain lots of saturated fat, such as cheese, butter, fried foods, and fatty meats.
Some foods, such as avocados, whole grains, onions, fruits and vegetables that are rich in fiber, and foods that contain omega-3s, can be a good intake to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels.
3. Exercise regularly
Regular exercise can restore blood cholesterol levels to normal levels. Regular exercise for 20-30 minutes, which is done 5 times a week, can reduce triglyceride levels and bad cholesterol, and increase good HDL cholesterol. Sports that can be chosen include jogging, swimming, or cycling.
4. Do not smoke
Quitting smoking can increase HDL cholesterol levels by 5-10%. In addition to stopping smoking, limiting alcohol intake can also help reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.
To find out if you have dyslipidemia, you should consult a doctor. The doctor will also tell you the diet, the type of exercise, and the right medication to reduce cholesterol levels, according to your condition.
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